Aleister Crowley's Arrangement of Tarot Trumps


צ is not the Star...


IV
צ The Emperor
The Emperor
XVII
ה The Star
The Star


All these old letters of my Book are aright; but [Tzaddi] is not the Star. This also is secret: my prophet shall reveal it to the wise.
--Liber AL vel Legis, I:57

"It was clear that the attribution of 'The Star' to the letter tzaddi was unsatisfactory; and the question arose, how to find another card which would take its place.
An incredible amount of work was done on this; in vain. After nearly twenty years the solution appeared."

"I see no harm in revealing the mystery of Tzaddi to 'the wise'; others will hardly understand my explanations.
Tzaddi is the letter of The Emperor, the Trump IV, and He is the Star, the Trump XVII.
Aquarius and Aries are therefore counterchanged, revolving on the pivot of Pisces, just as, in the Trumps VIII and XI, Leo and Libra do about Virgo. This last revelation makes our Tarot attributions sublimely, perfectly, flawlessly symmetrical.

The fact of its so doing is a most convincing proof of the superhuman Wisdom of the author of this Book to those who have laboured for years, in vain, to elucidate the problems of the Tarot."

Crowley clearly considered this an important change, so it's worth examining closely - but the details of the 'double loop' aren't simple. The Book of Thoth even contains attributions that contradict each other, leading some to suspect Crowley deliberately obscured the true attribution as one of his 'blinds' (intentional red herrings), the same way Eliphas Levi and Arthur Waite are each said to have known more than they revealed. Whatever the reason, this topic has caused a great deal of confusion:

"Dear Aleister....Also, I don't feel you have made it clear about Tzaddi = the Emperor. Can't you have a diagram? I have been reading your book to Ann Christie in the evenings and although she is very interested, she could not understand your book, and I'm not sure I did in the end. It will be a point about which there will be the most argument. Is there any reason for the two loops except secrecy? Surely! And if not, why not undo the loop, and is the Emperor to be numbered 17 or 4 or 17 or IV, ditto the Star, also Strength XI and Justice VIII. I expect I have got it all wrong, but if I have, you must make it clearer because I am only just below sub-normal intelligence."

--Lady Frieda Harris, artist of The Book of Thoth

It appears Frieda Harris drew the 'double loop' diagram herself, as she later wrote to Crowley: "I have a diagram of the Twist in the Zodiac. Would you like me to make a conventional diagram of your rough?" Crowley simply replied, "Yes, please, make a conventional diagram."

Unfortunately, that diagram isn't technically accurate.

Can you spot the error?


Strength & Justice alterations:
Before:
Path 19TETH LeoStrengthVIII
Path 22LAMED LibraJusticeXI
Adjustment
Lust
After:
Path 19TETH LeoLustXI
Path 22LAMED LibraAdjustmentVIII
VIII
ל Adjustment
Adjustment
XI
ט Lust
Lust
This 'restores' the original roman numerals prior to the Golden Dawn switch:
Adjustment
Lust


'Tzaddi is not the Star' switch:
Before:
Path 15HEH Ariesthe EmperorIV
Path 28TZADDI Aquariusthe StarXVII
The Emperor
The Star
After:
Path 15HEH Aquariusthe StarXVII
Path 28TZADDI Ariesthe EmperorIV
XVII
ה The Star
The Star
IV
צ The Emperor
The Emperor
As Crowley put it, "the Tarot illustrates, first of all, the Tree of Life in its universal aspect." In other words: to understand the Tarot, you first need to understand the Tree of Life itself (see diagram, left).
"This figure must be studied very carefully, for it is the basis of the whole system on which the Tarot is based."

The Tree of Life maps the numbers 0 through 32.
The ten Sephiroth are numbered 1-10, and the 22 connecting paths between them are numbered 11-32.
Each of the 22 paths is assigned one of the 22 Hebrew letters.

Each Hebrew letter, in turn, is linked to one of the 22 Tarot trump cards.
Along with the letter itself, each trump carries:

1: an element, planet, or zodiac sign, as given in the Sepher Yetzirah
2: an ATU or 'card image'
3: a descriptive name or title for the ATU
4: a Roman numeral, marking both the card's place in the natural 0-21 sequence and its Qabalistic value.

These are the five key variables to consider when working out the Tarot's attributions.


THE ROMAN NUMBERS OF THE TRUMPS

...
By putting the card marked 0 in its proper place, where any mathematician would have put it, the attributions fall into a natural order which is confirmed by every investigation.
There was, however, one kink in the rope. The card called Adjustment is marked VIII. The card called Lust is marked XI. To maintain the natural sequence, Lust must be attributed to Libra, and Adjustment to Leo. This is evidently wrong, because the card called Adjustment actually shows a woman with sword and scales, while the card called Lust shows a woman and a lion.
It was quite impossible to understand why this reversal should have taken place until the events of March and April, 1904, which are recounted in detail in "The Equinox of the Gods". One need here give only one quotation: "All these old letters of my Book are aright; but tzaddi is not the Star". (AL. 1.57.) This was making darkness deeper. It was clear that the attribution of "The Star" to the letter tzaddi was unsatisfactory; and the question arose, how to find another card which would take its place. An incredible amount of work was done on this; in vain. After nearly twenty years the solution appeared.
The Star represents Nuit, the starry heavens. "I am Infinite Space, and the Infinite Stars thereof." (AL. 1.22.) She is represented with two vases, one pouring water, a symbol of Light, upon herself, the other upon the earth. This is a glyph of the Economy of the Universe. It continually pours forth energy and continually reabsorbs it. It is the realisation of Perpetual Motion, which is never true of any part, but necessarily true of the whole. For, if it were not so, there would be something disappearing into nothing, which is mathematically absurd. The principle of Carnot (the Second Law of Thermodynamics) is only true in finite Equations.
The card which must be exchanged for "The Star" is "The Emperor", who bears the number IV, which signifies Power, Authority, Law, and is attributed to the sign Aries. This proves very satisfactory. But it became infinitely more so as soon as it was seen that this substitution cleared up the other mystery about Strength and Justice. For Leo and Libra are, by this exchange, shown as revolved about Virgo, the sixth sign of the Zodiac, which balances the revolution of Aries and Aquarius about Pisces, the twelfth sign. This is a reference to a peculiar secret of the ancients which was very deeply studied by Godfrey Higgins and others of his school. It is useless to go far into the matter here. But the position is made clear enough by the accompanying diagram. It will be seen at a glance that now, for the first time, is a perfect symmetry established in the Tarot.
The justice of the exchange is evident when one considers Etymology. It is natural that the Great Mother should be attributed to He', which is her letter in the Tetragrammaton, while the letter Tzaddi is the natural letter of the Emperor in the original phonetic system, as shown in the words Tsar, Czar, Kaiser, Cæsar, Senior, Seigueur, Seflor, Signor, Sir.
So what actually moved? Certainly not the Hebrew letters - their positions on the Tree are fixed by alphabetical order, so Heh remains on path 15 (between Chokmah and Tiphareth) and Tzaddi remains on path 28 (between Netzach and Yesod). What Crowley swapped were the ATU images, titles, numerals, and zodiac signs attached to those two paths.

(Figure A):
The full arrangement of the Zodiac Trumps
(read counter-clockwise)
  • XIV
  • XIII
  • VIII
  • IX
  • XI
  • VII
  • VI
  • V
  • XVII
  • XVIII
  • IV
  • XV
              • ס
              • נ
              • ל
              • י
              • ט
              • ח
              • ז
              • ו
              • ה
              • ק
              • צ
              • ע
                  • 25
                  • 24
                  • 22
                  • 20
                  • 19
                  • 18
                  • 17
                  • 16
                  • 15
                  • 29
                  • 28
                  • 26
 Switched by the Golden Dawn
 'Restored' by Aleister Crowley
 Switched by Aleister Crowley
 Broken Sepher Yetzirah attributations


OrderPathLetterSignTitleNum.
111א (aleph)(Air)The Fool0
212ב (beth)(Mercury)The MagicianI.
313ג (gimel)(Luna)The High PriestessII.
414ד (daleth)(Venus)The EmpressIII.
515ה (he)(Aquarius)The StarXVII.
616ו (vau)(Taurus)The HeirophantV.
717ז (zayin)(Gemini)The LoversVI.
818ח (cheth)(Cancer)The ChariotVII.
919ט (teth)(Leo)Lust (Strength)XI.
1020י (yod)(Virgo)The HermitIX.
1121כ (kaph)(Jupiter)Wheel of FortuneX.
1222ל (lamed)(Libra)Adjustment (Justice)VIII.
1323ם (mem)(Water)The Hanged ManXII.
1424נ (nun)(Scorpio)DeathXIII.
1525ס (samech)(Sagittarius)TemperenceXIV.
1626ע (ayin)(Capricorn)The DevilXV.
1727פ (peh)(Mars)The Blasted TowerXVI.
1828צ (tzaddi)(Aries)The EmperorIV.
1929ק (qoph)(Pisces)The MoonXVIII.
2030ר (resh)(Sol)The SunXIX.
2131ש (shin)(Fire)The AeonXX.
2232ת (tau)(Saturn)The UniverseXXI.

Note the misordered Roman Numerals - this creates the real 'double-loop'.

Now look again at the Book of Thoth's own diagram:


Notice where XI and VIII sit - compare their posistion to the circular chart in Figure A.
The Golden Dawn's switch (which only changed the ATU images) creates no 'loop in the zodiac' around Virgo.

With Crowley's switch, a 'loop in the zodiac' only shows up on one side. The Emperor keeps Aries and the Star keeps Aquarius wherever they end up sitting - so when Heh and Tzaddi swap cards, they take their zodiac signs with them. That breaks from the Sepher Yetzirah's original letter-to-sign assignments (Tzaddi = Aquarius, Heh = Aries), creating a single, lopsided 'loop' in the zodiac attributions - which is exactly why it's so hard to spot a symmetrical 'double loop' here.

It's actually this arrangement of the 'restored' Roman numerals - not the zodiac signs - that produces the notorious 'double loop': tracing the numerals in path/letter order up the Tree of Life is what creates the loop shape. See Figure A.

Interestingly, Virgo and Pisces are also where the two equinoxes fall each year.

Adding to the confusion: near the end of the Book of Thoth (page 278), there's a table showing the Emperor and the Star with their zodiac signs in the original, unswapped order:
PathLetterSignTitleNum.
11א (aleph)(Air)The Fool0
12ב (beth)(Mercury)The MagicianI.
13ג (gimel)(Luna)The High PriestessII.
14ד (daleth)(Venus)The EmpressIII.
15ה (he)(Aries)The StarXVII.
16ו (vau)(Taurus)The HeirophantV.
17ז (zayin)(Gemini)The LoversVI.
18ח (cheth)(Cancer)The ChariotVII.
19ט (teth)(Leo)Lust (Strength)XI.
20י (yod)(Virgo)The HermitIX.
21כ (kaph)(Jupiter)Wheel of FortuneX.
22ל (lamed)(Libra)Adjustment (Justice)VIII.
23ם (mem)(Water)The Hanged ManXII.
24נ (nun)(Scorpio)DeathXIII.
25ס (samech)(Sagittarius)TemperenceXIV.
26ע (ayin)(Capricorn)The DevilXV.
27פ (peh)(Mars)The Blasted TowerXVI.
28צ (tzaddi)(Aquarius)The EmperorIV.
29ק (qoph)(Pisces)The MoonXVIII.
30ר (resh)(Sol)The SunXIX.
31ש (shin)(Fire)The AeonXX.
32ת (tau)(Saturn)The UniverseXXI.

Was the inclusion of this table arrangement a simple mistake, or a carefully compiled list that includes a fix for the misattributed zodiac associations?


It's worth noting that the Zohar itself describes a specific mystery surrounding the letter Tzaddi:
"צ then went before him, saying: 'Because I mark the Zaddikim (the righteous), and thou thyself nearest me in thy name, Zaddik (righteous), and also it is written "The righteous Lord loveth righteousness,"Ps. 9:8 it will become thee to create the world by me.' Then said the Holy One: "Zaddi, Zaddi, thou art truly righteous, but thou must keep thyself concealed, and thy occult meaning must not be made known or become revealed; and therefore thou must not be used in the creation of the world. Thy original form was a rod, symbol of the female principle, surmounted by Yod, a letter of the holy Name, and also of the Holy Covenant, and emblem of the male principle. (By this, reference is made to the first man, who was androgynous, with faces turning one to the right, the other to the left, as symbolized in the figure of Zaddi in the Hebrew alphabet). But the time will come that thou shall be divided, and thy faces shall then be turned to each other."

--The Zohar